{"id":4791,"date":"2024-06-03T07:17:21","date_gmt":"2024-06-03T14:17:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cultureisglobal.org\/?p=4791"},"modified":"2024-06-04T08:06:58","modified_gmt":"2024-06-04T15:06:58","slug":"%e5%89%aa%e7%ba%b8%e4%bd%9c%e4%b8%ba%e9%9d%9e%e7%89%a9%e8%b4%a8%e6%96%87%e5%8c%96%e9%81%97%e4%ba%a7-%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e8%a7%86%e8%a7%92%e5%92%8c%e8%81%94%e5%90%88%e5%9b%bd%e6%95%99%e7%a7%91%e6%96%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cultureisglobal.org\/staging\/%e5%89%aa%e7%ba%b8%e4%bd%9c%e4%b8%ba%e9%9d%9e%e7%89%a9%e8%b4%a8%e6%96%87%e5%8c%96%e9%81%97%e4%ba%a7-%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e8%a7%86%e8%a7%92%e5%92%8c%e8%81%94%e5%90%88%e5%9b%bd%e6%95%99%e7%a7%91%e6%96%87\/","title":{"rendered":"\u526a\u7eb8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7–\u5386\u53f2\u89c6\u89d2\u548c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

PAPER-CUTTING AS INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES AND UNESCO RECOGNITION <\/h1>\n\n\n\n
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In the 19th century the Danish author Hans Christian Andersen, famous for his books like the Little Mermaid or the Ugly Duckling, Karl August Varnhagen von Ense and Rosa Maria Assing shared their love for paper cutting and immortalized this art form. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300a\u5c0f\u7f8e\u4eba\u9c7c\u300b\u548c\u300a\u4e11\u5c0f\u9e2d\u300b\u7b49\u4f5c\u54c1\u95fb\u540d\u4e8e\u4e16\u7684\u4e39\u9ea6\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5b89\u5f92\u751f\u3001\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u74e6\u6069\u54c8\u6839\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u6069\u65af\u548c\u7f57\u838e\u00b7\u739b\u4e3d\u4e9a\u00b7\u963f\u8f9b\u90fd\u5206\u4eab\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u526a\u7eb8\u7684\u70ed\u7231\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u827a\u672f\u5f62\u5f0f\u6c38\u5782\u4e0d\u673d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Hans Christian Andersen, for instance, used paper cutting to find a psychological belonging since family life was inaccessible for the Danish bachelor. He always carried a pair of big scissors wherever he traveled, Andersen amused children by cutting paper while telling fairy tales. As his large hands weaved through the delicate materials, the tales reached their climax. When opened, the patterns of the cut-outs were both surprising and lively. The dancing pierrots, ballerinas, oriental palaces, swans, trees, and fairies on Andersen\u2019s paper cuttings are the inspirations for some of the author\u2019s best fairytales. By using papers of various colors and expanding the subjects beyond human portraits, Andersen greatly influenced nineteenth-century European paper-cutting, where silhouettes of humans with black paper were the mainstream at that time. Andersen shared his love for paper cutting. In a letter in July 1867, where he wrote: \u201cPaper cutting is the prelude to writing.\u201d Many of his famous paper-cuttings are kept at the Andersen Museum in Denmark.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b89\u5f92\u751f\u5229\u7528\u526a\u7eb8\u6765\u5bfb\u627e\u5fc3\u7406\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e39\u9ea6\u5355\u8eab\u6c49\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u662f\u9065\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca\u7684\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u8d70\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u5b89\u5f92\u751f\u603b\u662f\u968f\u8eab\u5e26\u7740\u4e00\u628a\u5927\u526a\u5200\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u8bb2\u7ae5\u8bdd\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u526a\u7eb8\u9017\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5f00\u5fc3\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u7684\u5927\u624b\u5728\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u6750\u6599\u4e0a\u7a7f\u68ad\u65f6\uff0c\u6545\u4e8b\u4e5f\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u9ad8\u6f6e\u3002\u5f53\u6253\u5f00\u540e\uff0c\u526a\u7eb8\u7684\u56fe\u6848\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u800c\u53c8\u751f\u52a8\u6d3b\u6cfc\u3002\u5b89\u5f92\u751f\u526a\u7eb8\u4e0a\u8df3\u821e\u7684\u76ae\u57c3\u7f57\u3001\u82ad\u857e\u821e\u6f14\u5458\u3001\u4e1c\u65b9\u5bab\u6bbf\u3001\u5929\u9e45\u3001\u6811\u6728\u548c\u4ed9\u5973\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f18\u79c0\u7ae5\u8bdd\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u7075\u611f\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u5b89\u5f92\u751f\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u989c\u8272\u7684\u7eb8\u5f20\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4e3b\u9898\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4eba\u7269\u8096\u50cf\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u6781\u5927\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4e8619\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u526a\u7eb8\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u9ed1\u8272\u7eb8\u5f20\u526a\u51fa\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u526a\u5f71\u662f\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002\u5b89\u5f92\u751f\u4e0e\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\u4e86\u4ed6\u5bf9\u526a\u7eb8\u7684\u70ed\u7231\u3002\u57281867\u5e747\u6708\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5199\u9053:\u201c\u526a\u7eb8\u662f\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u5e8f\u7ae0\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8457\u540d\u526a\u7eb8\u4f5c\u54c1\u90fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u4e39\u9ea6\u7684\u5b89\u5f92\u751f\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Other paper-cut artists transcended beyond their own inner psyche when creating cut-outs. As a patriot who was sympathetic to the Jewish population, Varnhagen chose great historical figures and events during the Napoleonic War as the subjects of his cut-outs. Hence, his \u201clittle art\u201d creations were a portrait of Europe in the nineteenth century, with abundant historical and cultural references that are of paramount importance in historical research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u4ed6\u526a\u7eb8\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u5728\u521b\u4f5c\u526a\u7eb8\u4f5c\u54c1\u65f6\u4e5f\u89e6\u53ca\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u5185\u5fc3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6700\u6df1\u5904\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u60c5\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u8005\uff0c\u74e6\u5c14\u7eb3\u6839(Varnhagen)\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u5386\u53f2\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u526a\u7eb8\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u9898\u6750\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u5c0f\u827a\u672f\u201d\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5199\u7167\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8574\u542b\u7740\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5177\u6709\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As shown, in Switzerland the folk art came to celebrate Swissness, admiration for order and reliability, family and community, daily and seasonal rituals, as well as nature, landscapes, and animals such as cows and goats. Papercut art as a celebration of Swiss nationality and culture had been achieved in ways that other nations seemingly were not able to do. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u745e\u58eb\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u827a\u672f\u4f20\u8fbe\u4e86\u5bf9\u745e\u58eb\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u8d5e\u7f8e\uff0c\u5bf9\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u63a8\u5d07\uff0c\u5bf9\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u793e\u533a\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u65e5\u5e38\u548c\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u4eea\u5f0f\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u98ce\u666f\u4ee5\u53ca\u725b\u548c\u5c71\u7f8a\u7b49\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u70ed\u7231\u3002\u526a\u7eb8\u827a\u672f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u745e\u58eb\u56fd\u7c4d\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5e86\u795d\u8f7d\u4f53\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u5230\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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As we have noted, each tradition of paper-cutting has developed a unique style that sets it apart from others. The styles range from simple silhouettes to wonderfully intricate and colorful objects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u526a\u7eb8\u4f20\u7edf\u90fd\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u98ce\u683c\u65e2\u6709\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u526a\u5f71\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7cbe\u81f4\u590d\u6742\u4e14\u8272\u5f69\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Japan, the art of paper cutting is called kirie or Kirigami , which comes from the two kanji, kiri meaning cut, and gami\u7d75 meaning picture. The art of making pictures through the cutting of paper is believed to have emerged in Japan in 610 A.D., after tesuki washipaper was invented in China, and imported by Doncho, a Buddhist monk from Korea.Originally, kirie was used to decorate Shinto shrines. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u526a\u7eb8\u827a\u672f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201ckirie\u201d\u6216\u201cKirigami\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5206\u522b\u6765\u81ea\u4e24\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\uff0c\u201ckiri\u201d\u662f\u526a\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u201cgami\u7d75\u201d\u662f\u753b\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u526a\u7eb8\u5236\u4f5c\u56fe\u753b\u7684\u827a\u672f\u636e\u8bf4\u662f\u516c\u5143610\u5e74\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u5fb7\u6728\u548c\u7eb8\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u50e7\u4fa3Doncho\u5c06\u5176\u4f20\u5165\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u3002\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u526a\u7eb8\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u88c5\u9970\u795e\u793e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The Japanese commercialized paper-making by hand, and by 800 A.D. their skills were renowned. The abundance of Japanese washi meant paper-cutting and offshoots developed at a very fast pace. In the Edo Period, kamikiri (meaning paper-cutting) was performed live in front of an audience. Masters of the craft would take requests from the audience and transform sheets of paper into cut-outs right in front of their eyes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Today, the Japanese continue to practice art by paper-cut, particularly for framed art, installations and sculpture. Modern kirie has since developed into a contemporary art form for Japanese artists, who create intricate pieces of work that can take mere minutes, or as much as many months to complete. Some of the works are a feast for the eyes, such as Osaka Castle with a plum tree by artist Shu Kubo or the incredibly detailed octopus cut from a single sheet of A2 paper by artist Masayo Fukuda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u73b0\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u4ecd\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ece\u4e8b\u526a\u7eb8\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u88c5\u88f1\u827a\u672f\u3001\u88c5\u7f6e\u827a\u672f\u548c\u96d5\u5851\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u526a\u7eb8\u5df2\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f53\u4ee3\u827a\u672f\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u521b\u4f5c\u51fa\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u9700\u51e0\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\u6570\u6708\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u582a\u79f0\u89c6\u89c9\u76db\u5bb4\uff0c\u5982\u827a\u672f\u5bb6ShuKubo\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u5e26\u6709\u6885\u6811\u7684\u5927\u962a\u57ce\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u827a\u672f\u5bb6MasayoFukuda\u7528\u4e00\u5f20A2\u7eb8\u526a\u51fa\u7684\u7cbe\u81f4\u65e0\u6bd4\u7684\u7ae0\u9c7c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Nowadays, washi paper is most predominantly used worldwide for paper-cut art, as well as for book binding, tapes and multiple other uses. However, it is not  tesuki washi but actually Japanese Sekishu washi, a paper developed around 800 A.D. in the Sekishu region (modern-day Iwami in Japan). As Chinese paper-cutting, it was also inscribed in 2009 in the UNESCO Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u548c\u7eb8\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u526a\u7eb8\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e66\u7c4d\u88c5\u5e27\u3001\u80f6\u5e26\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u591a\u79cd\u7528\u9014\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5fb7\u6728\u548c\u7eb8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5173\u5dde\u548c\u7eb8\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u516c\u5143800\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u5728\u5173\u5dde\u5730\u533a(\u4eca\u65e5\u672c\u77f3\u89c1)\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u7eb8\u5f20\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u526a\u7eb8\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e8e2009\u5e74\u88ab\u5217\u5165\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u540d\u5f55\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the Philippines, several crafts have incorporated the art of paper-cutting. For example, during Christmas celebrations a parol (a traditional star-shaped lantern), is embellished with colored paper cut into various forms such as floral designs in colored paper. Palab\u00e1t (or \u201cwrapper\u201d) is another Filipino tradition that involves paper-cutting, where colored paper is cut with small scissors and used to wrap pastillas de leche (carabao milk candy) and other traditional candies. Banderitas, or bunting, is created by paper-cut art during holidays and fiestas. They are often hung on homes and over streets and take the shape of squares and triangles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u624b\u5de5\u827a\u54c1\u90fd\u878d\u5165\u4e86\u526a\u7eb8\u827a\u672f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u5e86\u795d\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u7528\u5f69\u7eb8\u526a\u6210\u5404\u79cd\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u56fe\u6848(\u5982\u82b1\u5349\u56fe\u6848\u5f69\u7eb8)\u6765\u88c5\u9970parol(\u4e00\u79cd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u661f\u5f62\u706f\u7b3c)\u3002Palab\u00e1t(\u6216\u79f0\u201c\u5305\u88c5\u7eb8\u201d)\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u7528\u5c0f\u526a\u5200\u526a\u88c1\u5f69\u7eb8\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5305\u88c5pastillasdeleche(carabao\u5976\u7cd6)\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4f20\u7edf\u7cd6\u679c\u3002Banderitas\uff0c\u5373\u5f69\u65d7\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u8282\u65e5\u671f\u95f4\u7528\u526a\u7eb8\u827a\u672f\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u6302\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6216\u8857\u9053\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f62\u72b6\u4e3a\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\u548c\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Indonesia, traditional art has been influenced by traditional Chinese artisans. Batik is an Indonesian traditional art and paper-cutting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u827a\u672f\u53d7\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u5320\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8721\u67d3\u662f\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4f20\u7edf\u827a\u672f\u548c\u526a\u7eb8\u827a\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In India, Sanjhi is the ancient art of paper-stenciling originating from Mathura and Vrindavan. Sanjhi artisans first cut stencils out of paper, then filled with powdered dyes to create rangolis, an integral part of Indian culture. Often, the designs are inspired by nature and range from trees to animals, such as peacocks and cows. Traditionally, the stencils are used to create rangolis on water, also known as Jal Sanjhi.  Using a fine sieve, colored powder is slowly added, layer by layer onto paper stencils to create paintings that float on a vessel of water. These paintings usually have religious meanings and are created during festive periods. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u6851\u5409(Sanjhi)\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u9a6c\u56fe\u62c9(Mathura)\u548c\u6e29\u8fbe\u6587(Vrindavan)\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u7eb8\u6a21\u677f\u827a\u672f\u3002\u6851\u5409\u827a\u672f\u5de5\u5320\u9996\u5148\u5728\u7eb8\u4e0a\u526a\u51fa\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u586b\u5165\u67d3\u6599\u7c89\u672b\uff0c\u521b\u4f5c\u51fa\u5370\u5ea6\u6587\u5316\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206–\u84dd\u679c\u4e3d(rangolis)\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7075\u611f\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5927\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u4ece\u6811\u6728\u5230\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u5b54\u96c0\u548c\u5976\u725b\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u6a21\u677f\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u6c34\u4e0a\u5236\u4f5c\u84dd\u679c\u4e3d\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u6c34\u4e2d\u7eb8\u523b(JalSanjhi)\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec6\u7b5b\uff0c\u5f69\u8272\u7c89\u672b\u9010\u5c42\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7eb8\u677f\u6a21\u677f\u4e0a\uff0c\u521b\u4f5c\u51fa\u6f02\u6d6e\u5728\u6c34\u5bb9\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u7ed8\u753b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u753b\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u8282\u65e5\u671f\u95f4\u7531\u4eba\u4eec\u521b\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Paper-cutting also has had a long and popular history in Mexico, with the craft originating with the Mayans in the 6th century. The Aztec people used mulberry and fig tree bark to create rough paper. Paper-cutting is called papel picado. San Salvador Huixcolotla, a town not far from Mexico City, is considered to be the birthplace of papel picado. There, artisans began carving out by hand, using scissors or sharp chisels, intricate banner designs on tissue paper. Individual flags of varied shapes and sizes, in a huge array of vibrant colors, are cut from tissue paper or plastic (the modern alternative for increased durability). The flags are then strung together to form banners that can be used for just about any occasion – street parties, birthdays, weddings -, especially also during D\u00eda de Muertos, or Day of the Dead, a widely celebrated Mexican holiday, Christmas, or Easter. This practice eventually spread to the rest of Mexico in the 20th century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u526a\u7eb8\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4e5f\u6709\u60a0\u4e45\u800c\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de5\u827a\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e6\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u739b\u96c5\u4eba\u3002\u963f\u5179\u53f0\u514b\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u6851\u6811\u548c\u65e0\u82b1\u679c\u6811\u76ae\u5236\u4f5c\u7c97\u7cd9\u7684\u7eb8\u5f20\u3002\u526a\u7eb8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cpapelpicado\u201d\u3002\u5723\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u00b7\u97e6\u65af\u79d1\u6d1b\u7279\u62c9(SanSalvadorHuixcolotla)\u662f\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5e02\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57ce\u9547\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662fpapelpicado\u7684\u53d1\u6e90\u5730\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u5de5\u5320\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u7528\u526a\u5200\u6216\u950b\u5229\u7684\u51ff\u5b50\u5728\u7eb8\u5dfe\u4e0a\u624b\u5de5\u96d5\u523b\u51fa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6807\u8bed\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u7528\u7eb8\u5dfe\u6216\u5851\u6599(\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\uff0c\u66f4\u8010\u7528)\u526a\u51fa\u5f62\u72b6\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u5404\u5f02\u3001\u8272\u5f69\u9c9c\u8273\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u5fd7\u4e32\u8054\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6a2a\u5e45\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u573a\u5408–\u8857\u5934\u805a\u4f1a\u3001\u751f\u65e5\u3001\u5a5a\u793c–\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4ea1\u7075\u8282(D\u00edadeMuertos\uff0c\u5373\u4ea1\u7075\u65e5\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e86\u795d\u7684\u8282\u65e5)\u3001\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u6216\u590d\u6d3b\u8282\u671f\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e60\u4fd7\u6700\u7ec8\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f20\u5230\u4e86\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A Slavic version of the art form of paper-cutting, popular in Poland, Belarus, and Ukraine, is called Wycinanki ([v\u0268t\u0361\u0255i\u02c8na\u014bk\u02b2i] (pronounced vee-chee-non-kee) in Poland or Vytynanky (\u0412\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043a\u0438) in Ukraine or Vycinanki (\u0412\u044b\u0446\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0456) in Belarus. Roosters, flowers, and holiday motifs are frequently the subject matter of bright and multilayered artworks. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6ce2\u5170\u3001\u767d\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u548c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u7b49\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u526a\u7eb8\u827a\u672f\u4e5f\u5f88\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u5728\u6ce2\u5170\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aWycinanki(\u53d1\u97f3\u4e3avee-chee-non-kee)\uff0c\u5728\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aVytynanky(\u0412\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0438)\uff0c\u5728\u767d\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aVycinanki(\u0412\u044b\u0446\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0456)\u3002\u516c\u9e21\u3001\u82b1\u6735\u548c\u8282\u65e5\u56fe\u6848\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u660e\u4eae\u800c\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u827a\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Poland of the 1800s, shepherds passed quiet hours by snipping designs from leather or tree bark. Since the mid-1800s, wycinanki has been a popular folk craft and was traditionally used by Polish peasants to decorate their cottages. The Polish paper-cutting art is mostly separated into two regions. Cuttings from the Kurpie region are often symmetrical and intricate, usually of a single color. Those from \u0141owicz in central Poland, however, are multi-colored and achieved by layering multiple pieces of cuttings together. They often depict peacocks, roosters, and other birds, as well as a variety of rural scenes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6ce2\u5170\uff0c\u7267\u7f8a\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u76ae\u9769\u6216\u6811\u76ae\u4e0a\u526a\u4e0b\u56fe\u6848\u6765\u6253\u53d1\u5b81\u9759\u7684\u65f6\u5149\u3002\u81ea19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0cwycinanki\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u624b\u5de5\u827a\u54c1\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u88ab\u6ce2\u5170\u519c\u6c11\u7528\u6765\u88c5\u9970\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5c0f\u5c4b\u3002\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u526a\u7eb8\u827a\u672f\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u3002\u5e93\u5c14\u76ae\u5730\u533a\u7684\u526a\u7eb8\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5355\u8272\u7684\u3002\u800c\u6ce2\u5170\u4e2d\u90e8\u7f57\u7ef4\u5947\u5730\u533a\u7684\u526a\u7eb8\u5219\u662f\u591a\u8272\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u591a\u5e45\u526a\u7eb8\u53e0\u52a0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u63cf\u7ed8\u5b54\u96c0\u3001\u516c\u9e21\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u9e1f\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u4e61\u6751\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Nowadays, contemporary paper-cutting is more commonly practiced and is considered fine art, with works of incredibly skilled paper cutting artists showcased in galleries around the world. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u526a\u7eb8\u827a\u672f\u66f4\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u89c6\u4e3a\u7cbe\u7f8e\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6280\u827a\u9ad8\u8d85\u7684\u526a\u7eb8\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u88ab\u5c55\u793a\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u7f8e\u672f\u9986\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the most sophisticated form of paper-cutting is being displayed in a museum in the city of Mollerussa near Barcelona, Spain. This museum exhibits nearly 500 paper-made dresses of various periods adorned by flowers, jewellery, sophisticated broderies, shoes, earrings, snakes, claws, feathers, leaves, bags, crowns, and many other complements all made from paper, requiring years of works and artistry. The most used papers are paper-m\u00e2ch\u00e9, silk paper, crepe paper, toilet paper, chocolates wrapping paper and others. Expertise, patience and skills are required to obtain thread or twisted paper for making crochet and chain stitches to use for macram\u00e9, The Mollerussa museum displays designs from fashion masters like Peter Aedo, Lydia Delgado, Oscar de la Renta, Agatha Ruiz de la Prada, Victorio&Lucchino, Armand Bassi, Jordi Labanda, Konrad Muhr, Lorenzo Caprile, Rosa Clar\u00e0 and Toni Francesc, all transformed into paper fabrics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u90bb\u8fd1\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5df4\u585e\u7f57\u90a3\u7684\u83ab\u52d2\u9c81\u8428\u5e02\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u535a\u7269\u9986\u91cc\uff0c\u5c31\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u526a\u7eb8\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u8fd9\u5ea7\u535a\u7269\u9986\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd1500\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7eb8\u5236\u670d\u9970\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u88c5\u9970\u7740\u9c9c\u82b1\u3001\u73e0\u5b9d\u3001\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u9526\u7f0e\u3001\u978b\u5b50\u3001\u8033\u73af\u3001\u86c7\u3001\u722a\u5b50\u3001\u7fbd\u6bdb\u3001\u6811\u53f6\u3001\u888b\u5b50\u3001\u7687\u51a0\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u88c5\u9970\u54c1\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u7eb8\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6570\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u827a\u672f\u9020\u8be3\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7eb8\u5f20\u662f\u7eb8\u6d46\u7eb8\u3001\u4e1d\u7eb8\u3001\u7ec9\u7eb8\u3001\u536b\u751f\u7eb8\u3001\u5de7\u514b\u529b\u5305\u88c5\u7eb8\u7b49\u3002\u83ab\u52d2\u9c81\u8428\u535a\u7269\u9986\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u57c3\u591a(PeterAedo)\u3001\u8389\u8fea\u4e9a\u00b7\u5fb7\u5c14\u52a0\u591a(LydiaDelgado)\u3001\u5965\u65af\u5361\u00b7\u5fb7\u62c9\u4f26\u5854(OscardelaRenta)\u3001\u963f\u52a0\u838e\u00b7\u9c81\u4f0a\u65af\u00b7\u5fb7\u62c9\u00b7\u666e\u62c9\u8fbe(AgathaRuizdelaPrada)\u3001\u7ef4\u514b\u591a\u91cc\u5965\u00b7\u5362\u5947\u8bfa(Victorio&Luc-chino)\u3001\u963f\u66fc\u5fb7\u00b7\u5df4\u65af(ArmandBassi)\u3001\u7ea6\u5c14\u8fea\u00b7\u62c9\u73ed\u8fbe(JordiLabanda)\u3001\u5eb7\u62c9\u5fb7\u00b7\u7a46\u5c14(KonradMuhr)\u3001\u6d1b\u4f26\u4f50\u00b7\u5361\u666e\u91cc\u83b1(LorenzoCaprile)\u3001\u7f57\u838e\u00b7\u514b\u62c9\u62c9(RosaClar\u00e0)\u548c\u6258\u5c3c\u00b7\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u514b(ToniFrancesc)\u7b49\u65f6\u5c1a\u5927\u5e08\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u90fd\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u4e86\u7eb8\u7ec7\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Contemporary paper-cutting is more commonly practiced and is considered fine art, with works of incredibly skilled paper-cutting artists showcased in galleries around the world. Take as an example the paper micro-organisms of Anglo-Irish artist Rogan Brown. Using both hand and laser-cut incisions, his impressive attention to detail creates eye-opening works of art. It is hard to believe that they are made from paper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f53\u4ee3\u526a\u7eb8\u827a\u672f\u5df2\u66f4\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u89c6\u4e3a\u7cbe\u7f8e\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6280\u827a\u9ad8\u8d85\u7684\u526a\u7eb8\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u88ab\u5c55\u793a\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u7f8e\u672f\u9986\u4e2d\u3002\u4ee5\u82f1\u88d4\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u7f57\u6839\u00b7\u5e03\u6717(RoganBrown)\u7684\u7eb8\u8d28\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd0\u7528\u624b\u5de5\u548c\u6fc0\u5149\u5207\u5272\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4ee4\u4eba\u77a9\u76ee\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u5173\u6ce8\u529b\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u9707\u64bc\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u827a\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u5f88\u96be\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u7528\u7eb8\u505a\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Other famous artists working with and excelling in cuts are the silhouette works from black paper by Kara Walker (United States) and William Kentridge (South Africa) \u2013 both of whom also created room-size works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ee5\u526a\u7eb8\u4e3a\u6750\u6599\u5e76\u64c5\u957f\u5207\u5272\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u8fd8\u6709\u7528\u9ed1\u7eb8\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u526a\u5f71\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5361\u62c9\u00b7\u6c83\u514b(KaraWalker\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd)\u548c\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u80af\u7279\u91cc\u5947(WilliamKentridge\uff0c\u5357\u975e)\uff0c–\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u4e5f\u90fd\u521b\u4f5c\u8fc7\u623f\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the words of Kara Walker: \u201cWhat the cyclorama and the silhouette have in common is that they\u2019re complete opposites, but they\u2019re sort of not relegated to art. \u2026 [The cyclorama creates] an illusion of space, whereas the silhouette, of course, flattens out space and identity.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7528\u5361\u62c9\u00b7\u6c83\u514b\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4:\u201c\u73af\u666f\u753b\u548c\u526a\u5f71\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u827a\u672f\u8303\u7574\u3002……[\u73af\u666f\u753b]\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u9519\u89c9\uff0c\u800c\u526a\u5f71\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u7279\u6027\u6241\u5e73\u5316\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where the early silhouette portraitists saw cut paper as a way to capture a person\u2019s likeness, Kara Walker perceived an opportunity for caricature, and a metaphor for shallow stereotypes, simplification, and frozen points of view. Walker started as a painter and has utilized a huge variety of media in her work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u526a\u5f71\u8096\u50cf\u753b\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u526a\u7eb8\u662f\u6355\u6349\u4eba\u7269\u8096\u50cf\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u5361\u62c9\u00b7\u6c83\u514b\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u526a\u7eb8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fdb\u884c\u5938\u5f20\u8bbd\u523a\u63cf\u7ed8\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u80a4\u6d45\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u3001\u7b80\u5316\u548c\u51dd\u56fa\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u9690\u55bb\u3002\u6c83\u514b\u6700\u521d\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u753b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cut-outs were also the final chapter in Henri Matisse\u2019s career. Matisse painted the paper first, then cut it out with scissors. Some of his world-famous works were room-sized \u2014 like the Swimming Pool.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u526a\u7eb8\u4e5f\u662f\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u9a6c\u8482\u65af\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002\u9a6c\u8482\u65af\u5148\u5728\u7eb8\u4e0a\u753b\u753b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\u526a\u5200\u526a\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3e\u4e16\u95fb\u540d\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6709\u623f\u95f4\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u300a\u6e38\u6cf3\u6c60\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Chinese artist Jennifer Wen Ma also has worked since several years with cut-outs of paper and other materials, which were recently displayed in the MGM Grand Hotel in Macao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u9a6c\u6587(Jennifer)\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u526a\u7eb8\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6750\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u521b\u4f5c\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u6fb3\u95e8\u7684\u7f8e\u9ad8\u6885\u5927\u9152\u5e97\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

 In conclusion, paper-cutting art started in early centuries in Chinese civilizations and has travelled, if not penetrated the world. In the process, it has become part of centuries of human fascinations with tangible and intangible art, culture and heritage. As it was ultimately inscribed into the global and multilateral annals of UNESCO, it became part of a compendium of historical works and tools of humanity, recognized and honored by the almost 200 Member States of the United Nations and its specialized agency UNESCO, recognized as a unique and precious element of humanity\u2019s cultural diversity and heritage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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February 2015 in Doha, Qatar <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2015\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u5361\u5854\u5c14\u591a\u54c8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Presentation by<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mehri Madarshahi <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shandong University of Arts and Design<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jinan, 15 May 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6885\u91cc\u00b7\u9a6c\u8fbe\u6c99\u5e0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c71\u4e1c\u5de5\u827a\u7f8e\u672f\u5b66\u9662<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6d4e\u5357\uff0c2024\u5e745\u670815\u65e5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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PAPER-CUTTING AS INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES AND UNESCO RECOGNITION  In the 19th century the Danish author Hans Christian Andersen, famous for his books like the Little Mermaid or the Ugly Duckling, Karl August Varnhagen von Ense and Rosa Maria Assing shared their love for paper cutting and immortalized this art form.  \u300a\u5c0f\u7f8e\u4eba\u9c7c\u300b\u548c\u300a\u4e11\u5c0f\u9e2d\u300b\u7b49\u4f5c\u54c1\u95fb\u540d\u4e8e\u4e16\u7684\u4e39\u9ea6\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5b89\u5f92\u751f\u3001\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u74e6\u6069\u54c8\u6839\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u6069\u65af\u548c\u7f57\u838e\u00b7\u739b\u4e3d\u4e9a\u00b7\u963f\u8f9b\u90fd\u5206\u4eab\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u526a\u7eb8\u7684\u70ed\u7231\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u827a\u672f\u5f62\u5f0f\u6c38\u5782\u4e0d\u673d\u3002 Hans Christian Andersen, for instance, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4811,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4791","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-home-slide","category-speeches"],"acf":[],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-04-30 11:53:59","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cultureisglobal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4791","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cultureisglobal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cultureisglobal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cultureisglobal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cultureisglobal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4791"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/cultureisglobal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4791\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4879,"href":"https:\/\/cultureisglobal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4791\/revisions\/4879"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cultureisglobal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4811"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cultureisglobal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4791"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cultureisglobal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4791"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cultureisglobal.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4791"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}